What is the function of a fire damper?

A fire damper is a critical component in HVAC systems designed to prevent the spread of fire and smoke within ductwork through fire-rated barriers. The primary function of a fire damper is to close automatically upon detection of heat, effectively stopping the passage of fire and hot gases from one compartment to another. This feature is crucial for maintaining the integrity of fire-rated walls or floors, thereby providing crucial time for evacuation and reducing damage to property.

When installed properly, fire dampers work in conjunction with fire alarms and detection systems, ensuring that when a specific temperature is reached—indicative of a fire—the damper responds swiftly to close off the duct, sealing off the area from the fire. This mechanism is essential in safeguarding both life and property by containing potential hazards and contributing to fire safety protocols in buildings.

In contrast, regulating airflow, absorbing heat, and filtering smoke relate to other components or functionalities within HVAC systems or fire management systems, but do not encapsulate the fundamental purpose of a fire damper, which is primarily focused on containment in response to fire events.