What should the flow velocity of a hydronic piping system be controlled to reduce the possibility of?

The flow velocity in a hydronic piping system is crucial for proper system performance and to minimize issues that can arise from high velocities. Controlling the flow velocity helps reduce the possibility of water hammer, which is a phenomenon that occurs when there is a sudden change in the flow of water, such as when a valve closes quickly. This abrupt change generates pressure surges or shock waves throughout the piping system, leading to knocking or banging sounds and potentially causing damage to pipes, fittings, and even connected equipment.

By maintaining an optimal flow velocity, the system can operate efficiently without creating excessive pressure fluctuations. This is important for ensuring longevity and reliability, as high-velocity conditions can lead to structural weaknesses in the piping material over time.

While other factors such as pipe corrosion, air pockets, and leaks can also be influenced by flow conditions, the primary concern highlighted in this case is the reduction of water hammer through controlled flow velocities. This focused understanding aids in the design and operation of hydronic systems to enhance their performance and durability.